To prevent respiratory infections, patients should be immunized against influenza and pneumococcal infections, and antibiotic therapy should be administered promptly for suspected bacterial respiratory infections.

Any patient who has CBD or is sensitized to beryllium should be removed from further exposure to beryllium.

Lung Cancer

Strongly encourage smokers to quit. Symptomatic patientsshould be evaluated. X-ray and sputum cytology have been used for case finding in asymptomatic patients. However, these tests did not lower mortality from lung cancer in screening trials.

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is planning screening trials to evaluate new techniques for lung cancer screening. If your patient is concerned about lung cancer and may want to participate in a lung cancer screening trial, call the NCI toll free line 1-800-4-CANCER for further information.

For patients at increased risk of oral cancer, NCI recommends periodic complete oral examinations by a dentist or physician.

If you have any questions or you want a copy of these reports or the cited references, call 1-800-356-4674. Say you are calling about the beryllium study.

Additional Resources

Ward E, Okun A, Ruder A, et al. (1992). A mortality study of workers at seven beryllium processing plants. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 22:885-904. (Study Report)

Steenland K, Ward E (1991). Lung cancer incidence among patients with beryllium disease: A cohort mortality study Journal of the National Cancer Institute 83:1380-1385.

Sanderson W, Ward E, Steenland K et al. (2001). Lung cancer case-control study of beryllium disease. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 39:133-144.

Sanderson W, Petersen P, Ward E (2001). Estimating historical exposures of workers in a beryllium manufacturing plant. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 39: 145-157.

Sprince NL. Beryllium Disease. id: Occupational Respiratory Diseases. Merchant JA, ed. NIOSH publication no. 86-102, pp 385-399.

Rossman MD, Jones-Williams W. Immunopathogenesis of chronic beryllium disease. In: Beryllium: Biomedical and Environmental Aspects. Rossman MD, Press OP, Powers MB, eds. Williams

Public Health and Genetics Information Series

Beryllium Disease

What is Beryllium?

Beryllium is a naturally occurring metal within the environment. This metal has many characteristics that make it optimal for industrial use. Some of these characteristics include that is it lightweight, hard, a good electrical conductor, a good thermal conductor, and it is non-magnetic. There are many industries that currently use beryllium or have used beryllium in the past; these industries include: metal-working (jet brake pads and aerospace components), ceramic manufacturing (jet engine blades and rocket covers), electronics (X-ray windows), atomic energy industry (nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons), laboratory work (chemistry), extraction (ore and scrap metal), and dental work (alloys in crowns, bridges, and dental plates). As can be seen by the many industries that may use beryllium, there are many people who may be risk of exposure. This high risk of exposure is a public health concern.

What is Beryllium Disease?

Beryllium Disease can be categorized into two types. The first type is Acute Beryllium Disease. This type is characterized by quick onset and its symptoms resemble that of pneumonia or bronchitis. Breathing in relatively high concentrations of beryllium dust or beryllium metal fumes can cause Acute Beryllium Disease. This type of beryllium disease is rare due to protective measures that are now in place in industry.

The second type of beryllium disease is Chronic Beryllium Disease. This type of beryllium disease is characterized by very slow onset. The time of onset can range from four months to forty years. Chronic Beryllium Disease is caused by an allergic reaction to beryllium. An individual may develop a sensitization to beryllium and from there may develop an allergic reaction. One to six percent of individuals exposed to beryllium will develop a sensitization to beryllium. Once a person has been exposed to beryllium the individual has a life long risk of developing the disease. In addition, beryllium has recently been categorized as a carcinogen by the IARC-Agency for Research on Cancer, and therefore, may also cause lung disease in some individuals. Finally, some people may develop a skin disease characterized by poor wound healing and a rash or wart like bumps. Skin disease can result from exposure of the skin to beryllium dust.

Who is at Risk for Beryllium Disease?

Anyone who has been exposed to beryllium is at risk for developing the disease. The primary mode of exposure is the work place. Anyone who works in an industry that uses beryllium is at risk for exposure. In addition, however, a person may be at risk for secondary exposure. Those at risk for secondary exposure include coworkers, support or maintenance staff at a plant using beryllium, and the beryllium workers family members. Family members are at risk because the worker may be bringing home beryllium dust on his or her shoes and clothing. Finally, there is a chance of environmental exposure. In the US the average concentration of beryllium in the air is approximately 0.03 nanograms per cubic meter, which is very low. However, individuals living near a plant or industry using beryllium may be at an increased risk of exposure because the amount of beryllium can go up to 0.2 nanograms per cubic meter. In addition, individuals living near hazardous landfill sites that may contain high concentrations of beryllium may also be at a higher risk of exposure than the general population.

As previously mentioned, once an individual is exposed to beryllium he or she has a life long chance of developing the disease. The disease develops in one to six percent of those exposed to the element. Also, recent genetic research has shown that approximately 40% of the population has a genetic marker that has been associated with susceptibility to beryllium disease.

What are the Symptoms of Beryllium Disease?

Symptoms of beryllium disease may include cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, weight loss and/or loss of appetite, fevers and night sweats. There are some additional signs that may be noticed by your primary care physician which include abnormal lung sounds, many small lung scars on a chest X-ray, abnormal breathing tests, allergy to beryllium, and granuloma on lung or skin tissue.

Is There Testing for Beryllium Disease?

Yes, there is testing for beryllium disease. The disease can either be identified by chest X-ray or by a blood test. The blood test is preferable because it can usually detect abnormalities sooner than a chest X-ray. The blood test given is a Beryllium Lymphocyte Proliferation Test. This test is designed to measure how lymphocytes in the blood react to beryllium. If the test comes back positive then the individual is sensitized to beryllium.

Is There Treatment for Beryllium Disease?

There is treatment for those individuals who have developed beryllium disease. Treatment is done by administering prednisone, a steroid. This medication will help fight inflammation and stabilize the disease. It will also help to alleviate the symptoms of beryllium disease. However, if an individual is sensitized to beryllium but does not have beryllium disease there is no treatment. Likewise if a person has early beryllium disease but no symptoms, he or she may not need treatment. Beryllium disease treatment is effective, but to date there is no cure for beryllium disease.

How Can I Prevent Beryllium Exposure?

The following are some guidelines put out by OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration):

* Engineering Controls: employers should be using appropriate engineering controls and work practices to minimize beryllium exposure (some examples include: enclose processes, install appropriate local exhaust ventilation and use vacuum systems in machining operations)

* Work Practices: employers should be sure that employees follow certain guidelines to minimize exposure to beryllium (some examples include: never use compressed air to clean parts or working surfaces and avoid prolonged skin contact with beryllium particulate)

* Hygiene and Personal Protective Clothing: in order to reduce secondary exposure to workers families the employer should provide showers, clean work clothes, and clean areas for storing street clothes

* Respiratory Protection: it is suggested the employers provide their employees with air-purifying respirators equipped with 100 series filters

* Training: employers should provide training to employees on the risks of beryllium exposure as well as procedures for minimizing exposure

These suggestions are taken from OSHA's website on "Preventing Adverse Health Effects From Exposure to Beryllium on the Job.

Resources

* http://www.nationaljewish.org/medfac...m_medfact.html

* www.ornl.gov/oshp/freq.htm

* www.chronicberylliumdisease.com

Several contributors highlighted an even more striking example associated with stars. This involves the strong interaction and concerns the generation of carbon (another prerequisite for our form of life) in the helium-burning phase of red giant stars. This occurs via a reaction in which two alpha particles unite to form a beryllium nucleus that then combines with another alpha particle to form carbon. However, as the late Fred Hoyle first pointed out, the beryllium would decay before interacting with another alpha particle were it not for the existence of a remarkably finely tuned resonance in this interaction. This fact is sometimes presented as an anthropic prediction but, as Trimble intriguingly pointed out, there may have been evidence for this resonance in the data even before Hoyle suggested that it be sought in the laboratory.

The IAEA has a data bank that lists 16 cases of incidents involving HEU or plutonium that could have been smuggled or was reported lost from 1993 to 2005.In one case from 1993, 4.4 tons of beryllium including 140 kilograms contaminated with some 150 grams of HEU "were discovered in the storage area of a bank" in the Lithuanian capital Vilnius, according to the illicit trafficking data.

Tests included searching for arsenic, beryllium and pesticides in the water and sediment. A cross section of fish were tested for traces of pentachlorophenol, a chemical used by mills to prevent black fungus from growing on lumber.

The Immunotox Labs division, which provides services in Immunogenicity and Immunotoxicity, Nanotoxicity and Ecotoxicology, Beryllium sensitivity testing and MELISA(R) testing for the detection of sensitization to more than 200 different allergens including metals, penicillin, gluten and pollens.

Polonium-210 played a key role in World War II. Manhattan Project engineers alloyed the isotope with beryllium and used it to produce the neutrons that triggered the atomic bomb’s chain reaction.

Polonium-210, the first radioactive element discovered by Marie Curie in 1897 occurs in nature as a byproduct of the decay of uranium. It decays with a half-life of 138 days by emitting alpha particles. It is 5000 times more radioactive than the dreaded radium and a billion times more radioactive than uranium- the nuclear fuel. It has a few industrial applications. In the early versions of nuclear weapons it was used as neutron trigger after mixing with beryllium.

Alert me when articles match all these words: beryllium

Thru-hole mounting not only secures placement on PCBs, but also maintains positioning during wave soldering. Low contact resistant tension springs are incorporated, and overall product integrity is ensured by bases manufactured from UL 94 V-0 thermoplastic with gold-plated, beryllium

The Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation plans to test the soil on the site of the Bennington state office building for PCBs, zinc and beryllium.

State-approved plume maps drawn by Lockheed Martin Corp., which is responsible for cleaning up the pollution traced back to a beryllium plant the company purchased, put Desenberg's property beyond the eastern edge of the known 200-acre plume.

The contamination originally was discovered in 2000 while Lockheed was preparing the former Loral American Beryllium Co. property for sale to WPI Inc. As owner of the facility when the contamination was found, Lockheed is responsible for the cleanup.

A cellphone can contain between 500 and 1 000 components. Many of these contain toxic heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium and beryllium, and hazardous chemicals such as brominated flame reerunants (BFRs).

In the study, York collected and collated data from 800 open-source incidents from 1992 to the present, along with the movement of dual-use items like beryllium and zirconium. He plotted the incidents on a global information system (GIS) software platform. He came up with a network of countries and routes between countries indicative of an illicit nuclear and radiological trafficking scheme.

Class 3 (17510) beryllium copper in stock ready to ship. (800)289-2728

In 2002, the MEK (aka NCRI), ‘exposed’ Iran’s undeclared nuclear activities. Of interest is the fact that more recently, in 2005, the same group declared that the “production of Beryllium and polonium-210 is being carried out[iv]” implicating Iran in nuclear bomb-making.

A solution all sides could live with regarding the Tallevast plume - not just a final clean-up plan everyone could agree would address the full extent of the toxic waste, but also investigations on how long-term exposure to underground toxins leaking from the former beryllium plant has affected residents' health as well as action steps to mitigate whatever problems resulted from that exposure.

Avalon Ventures owns the N.W.T.'s Thor Lake property, which contains beryllium, yttrium and gallium used in hybrid cars and electronics such as computers, cellphones and televisions

They've used bulkier but safer high explosive and gotten rid of a thin shell of beryllium that was toxic to machinists. According to a report by Congressional Research Service defense analyst Jonathan Medalia, both teams designed the new warheads to avoid about a third of the manufacturing steps, resulting in higher production rates and less worker exposure to toxins.

Polonium-210 played a key role in World War II. Manhattan Project engineers alloyed the isotope with beryllium and used it to produce the neutrons that triggered the atomic bomb's chain reaction.

This occurs via a reaction in which two alpha particles unite to form a beryllium nucleus that then combines with another alpha particle to form carbon. However, as the late Fred Hoyle first pointed out, the beryllium would decay before interacting with another alpha particle were it not for the existence of a remarkably finely tuned resonance in this interaction.

private mails on google search engine by Beryllium Sphere(tm) (Score:2) Sunday December 31, @07:34PM

Welcome to Beryllium Sphere's web site.

Beryllium Sphere LLC provides computer security consulting with common sense and cost effectiveness. We'll ask about what your business really needs, and will gladly recommend low-cost solutions

Its responsibility of identifying nuclear raw materials (uranium, thorium, tantalum, beryllium, zirconium, lithium, yttrium, and rare earth minerals) is the first step in India's nuclear fuel cycle.

Tallevast residents and three independent consultants say Lockheed's data still falls short of describing the toxic waste leaking from an old beryllium plant.

Brush Engineered Materials Inc., also based in Cleveland, makes beryllium based products. Its shares rose more than 112 percent.

Shielding Gasket; Body Material:Beryllium Copper alloy #C17200; Height:.07"0; Length:24";; Mounting Type:Adhesive

Ingredients:
Aluminum met. 15X
Aurum met. 15x
Baryta carb. 15x
Beryllium 15x

This auction is for a set of 8 Del West Beryllium exhaust valve seats. Seats are Beryllium copper alloy. Del West part number is 1660-500-A3. OD is 1.660". ID is 1.350". height is .500".

Cover: Machining beryllium for a nuclear reator.
Pages: 254

it's a rare stone that needs two kinds of stones to come together, one that contributes aluminum/beryllium and the other chrome, which rarely occurs in nature accounting for the rarity of the stone

http://ec1.images-amazon.com/images/...141188054_.jpg


Product Features

• Beryllium copper
• Rounded edges
• Ridge cuts for grip

These delightful instruments are made from a special alloy comprised of aluminum, titanium, manganese, magnesium and beryllium. When struck they emit a mesmerizing magical tone

I had a putter made out of Beryllium alloy at one time.

Beryllium is a space age material in the truest sense of the word. It is a steel-gray, low-density metallic element. One of the lightest metals known, it presents the designer with a combination of desirability properties not found in any other material. Strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios of beryllium are outstanding.

It has high specific heat and excellent thermal conductivity. It retains useful properties at both elevated and cryogenic temperatures.
Beryllium also has significant ductility, is substantially uniform in properties, is readily machinable and can be rolled, drawn or extruded.