tiptap |
01-20-2006 07:54 AM |
Quote:
Originally Posted by cdcox
My comments in bold.
You missed the key area where understanding is incomplete, and that is in the global climate models. While addition of CO2 and other green house gases provides a force to warm the atmosphere there are various feed back mechanisms that are poorly undersood. Some of these feedback mechanisms act to further warm the surface of the planet. One example of this is that if warming causes a reduction in snow cover. Snow reflects radiation back into space without changing its wavelength, so the heat from this raditation is not absorbed by greenhouse gases. So removal of snow cover will cause additional warming of the planet. An example of a feed back mechanism that would tend to help the planet resist warming is an increase in cloud cover due to additional evaporation.
Global climate scientists have only started quantifying the strength of these feedback mechanisms. Some of these feedback mechanisms may be nonlinear, which results in potentially very large effects with small inaccuaries in the strength of the feedback. So not understanding a feedback mechanism just a little bit can have a huge effect. If the history of science has taught us anything, it is that we usually don't understand something as well as we think we do at any given time.
So in summary, I think it is fairly likely that the planet will warm in the range of 1 to 2 oC in the next 50 years. But I think it is possible that the negative feedback mechanisms will be strong enough that the temperature increses could be much less severe.
If climate models are correct, we will need to make draconian reductions in our CO2 emmissions in order to a) reduce the trends and b) allow the rest of the world economy to develop. Technologies for making these reductions are not in place. Given the degree of uncertainty, I am not in favor of trashing our economy to make draconian reductions now. I am in favor of continuing to invest in technologies to make meaningful and economically viable reductions in the CO2 emissions in the future, should that need become necessary.
And that will almost certainly involve a larger role for nuclear power in this country.
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Discussion of feedback. OK. The most obvious feedback that counters temperature rising is the creation of clouds. Like snow the clouds reflect radiation without changing the frequency. A second big inhibitory input would be the cessation of the Ocean Conveyor System that moves heat from the Pacific to the Indian Oceans to the north Atlantic. This is driven by salinity density and could be stopped if the fresh water glaciers flood the n. Atlantic. This would leave Europe vulnereable (including western Russia) to much colder weather in line with the latitude you find these countries.
The direct results of the higher temperatures now is melting of the fresh ice. And this has in the past and would most likely now mean much colder weather for Europe much warmer weather forming typhoons in the Pacific and Indian. This also means that the sea levels will rise. If just the northern supply of ice than a couple of meters. (27 meters if the Anartic ice melts but that is a more intense distant discussion) This will mean coast lines (Florida) will be impacted.
So we are going to have a draconian result if the ice continues to melt. And as we measure the ice low and behold it is melting. Glaciers everywhere in the world are retreating at record paces. And the southern extension of winter ice in the north has also been retreating alarmly.
In any complex (I mean mathematically as in Chaos systems) the final outcome is dependent upon initial conditions. But general understandings can indicate the more likely outcomes.
There are present studies about cloud involvement in the tropical regions. The production weather in the tropics is different then more well studied temperant regions we live in. So heat and cloud movement is getting intense study now. I have not heard yet how the refinement will be added to models and what will be the overall general effect.
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