Leidel, Nelson A., Kenneth A. Busch, and Jeremiah R. Lynch, "Occupational Exposure Sampling Strategy Manual," U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Publication 77-173, January 1977.

MDD Procedures Manual, Section 302.17, Beryllium.

Mulhausen, John R. and Joseph Damiano, "A Strategy for Assessing and Managing Occupational Exposures," 2nd Edition, AIHA Press, Fairfax, VA 1998.

OSHA Directive CPL 2-2.38D, "Inspection Procedures for the Hazard Communication Standard," March 20, 1998.

Rossman, Milton D., Preuss, Otto P., Powers, Martin B., Beryllium: Biomedical and Environmental Aspects, Williams

Safeguards and Security Program Guide.

UCRL-50027-94, Environmental Report 1993, 1994.

UCRL-50027-98, Environmental Report 1998, 1999.

UCRL-AR-144636 Rev. 1.1, LLNL Chronic Beryllium Disease Prevention Program (CBDPP), Implementation of 10 CFR 850, Revision 1.1, August 15, 2003.

UCRL-MA-115877, Waste Acceptance Criteria, Rev. 2, November 2003.

UCRL-MA-124100 (UCNI), Materials Management Material Control and Accountability Manual, Volume A, "Material Control and Accountability Plan."

Wang, Z., White, P. S., Petrovic, M., Tatum, O. L., Newman, L. S., Maier, L. A., Marrone, B. L., "Differential Susceptibilities to Chronic Beryllium Disease Contributed by Different Glu69 HLA-DPB1 and -DPA1 Alleles," Journal of Immunology, 1999, 163: 1647-1653.

Wilbur, C. G., Beryllium--A Potential Environmental Contaminant, Springfield, IL, Charles C. Thomas, Publisher. 1980.

Appendix A

Acronyms, Terms, and Definitions

Term

Definition

Accepted applicant

A person who has accepted an offer of employment at LLNL but who has not yet entered active duty as a beryllium worker as defined by 10 CFR 850. For purposes of this appendix, an accepted applicant is not a current LLNL or UC employee.

Action level (AL)

The level of airborne concentration of beryllium that is established pursuant to 10 CFR 850.23 and that, if equaled or exceeded, requires the implementation of worker protection provisions specified in that section. The AL is 0.2 µg Be/m3 averaged over 8 hours.

AL

See "Action level."

Authorized person

Any person required by work duties to be in a regulated area.

Be-LPT

See "Beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test."

Beryllium

Elemental beryllium and any insoluble beryllium compound or alloy that contains 0.1% beryllium or greater and that may be released as an airborne particulate.

Beryllium article

A manufactured item that is formed to a specific shape or design during manufacture, that has end-use functions that depend in whole or in part on its shape or design during end use, and that does not release beryllium or otherwise result in exposure to airborne concentrations of beryllium under normal conditions of use. Further information, including examples, is provided in Section 3.14 of this document.

Beryllium-associated worker

A current worker who is or was exposed or potentially exposed to airborne concentrations of beryllium at a DOE facility, including:

1. A beryllium worker.

2. A current worker whose work history shows that the worker may have been exposed to airborne concentrations of beryllium at a DOE facility, including workers who self-identify as having past exposure.

3. A current worker who exhibits signs or symptoms of beryllium exposure.

4. A current worker who is receiving medical removal protection benefits.

Beryllium emergency

Any occurrence (including, but not limited to, equipment failure, container rupture, or failure of control equipment or operations) that results in an unexpected and significant release of beryllium at a DOE facility.

Beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (Be-LPT)

A screening test to measure an individual's immune system sensitivity to beryllium metal.

Beryllium work

An activity, taken for or by DOE at a DOE facility, that can expose workers to airborne beryllium--including, but not limited to, design, construction, operation, maintenance, or decommissioning--and that may involve one DOE facility or operation or a combination of facilities and operations. This term is synonymous with "beryllium activity," used in 10 CFR 850.

Beryllium work area

Any area in which beryllium use may result in personnel exposure; areas with beryllium articles only (as defined by OSHA in 29 CFR 1910.1200) are not included this definition.

Beryllium worker

A current worker who is regularly employed in a DOE beryllium activity. At LLNL, this term indicates any worker assigned to a beryllium work area or a regulated beryllium work area.

Breathing zone

A hemisphere forward of the shoulders, centered on the mouth and nose, with a radius of 6 to 9 inches.

CBD

See "Chronic beryllium disease."

CBDPP

Chronic Beryllium Disease Prevention Program.

Chronic beryllium disease

A disease of the lungs caused by the body's immune system and characterized by progressive scarring of the lungs.

Confirmed positive

Positive result based on analysis of two separate blood samples (Be-LPT or an equivalent test).

Contaminated

Presence of beryllium surface contamination in excess of 0.2 µg Be/100 cm2 or, when the visible accumulation of dust is present, in excess of the concentration (in µg Be/g of soil) of beryllium in soil at the point of release.

DOE

Department of Energy.

DOE contractor

Any entity under contract with DOE (or its subcontractor) that has responsibility for performing beryllium activities at DOE facilities. Includes LLNL and its subcontractors.

DOE facility

Any facility operated by or for DOE. Includes LLNL.

HEPA

High-efficiency particulate air (filter).

High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter

A filter that traps and retains at least 99.97% of 0.3 m m monodispersed particles.

Immune response

The series of cellular events by which the immune system reacts to challenge by an antigen.

Medical Director

The physician responsible for the overall direction and operation of the site occupational medicine program. This position is referred to as the Site Occupational Medical Director in 10 CFR 850.

Medical removal protection benefits

The employment rights established by 10 CFR 850.35 for beryllium-associated workers who voluntarily accept temporary or permanent medical removal from beryllium areas following a recommendation by the Medical Director.

Non-beryllium work area

Workplaces where there is no beryllium to result in an exposure; beryllium articles may be present in such areas.

Nonoperational period

A period defined, based on the nature of the work, as the period commencing at either of the following:

* For ongoing, routine operations (i.e., production-type activities)--The end of the work shift or shifts, if work extends over one more consecutive shifts.