It is roasted with sodimu hexafluorosilicate, Na2SiF6, at 700°C to form beryllium fluoride. This is water soluble and the beryllium may be precipitated as the hydroxide Be(OH)2 by adjustment of the pH to 12.

Beryllium was first discovered by Vauquelin in 1797...

was not issolated until 1828 in Berlin Germany and A.A.B bussy in Paris France. Beryllium comes from Greek beryllos, beryl.

It has also been called Glucinium or Glucinum from the Greek word glykys which means "sweet." Beryllum is found in beryl, chrysoberyl and phenacite.

Aquamarine and emeralds are precious forms of beryl (3BeO.Al2O3.6SiO2). It has a high melting point for a light metal and is more elastic than steel.

Beryllium disease is not limited to workers.

"Neighborhood cases" of the disease were first documented in the 1940s when ten people not employed by Brush but who all lived within a mile of the plant and were exposed to smokestack emissions of the toxic dust were diagnosed with beryllium disease.

In 1948, the first of many cases among workers' wives was diagnosed. These women were exposed to the toxic metal dust while washing their husband's work clothes.

Beryllium is a metal, element number 4 in the Periodic Table of Elements. In nature, beryllium is found in compounds in mineral rocks, coal, soil, and volcanic dust. Beryllium is extremely strong and lightweight; it is much stronger than steel, but lighter than aluminum. These and other properties make beryllium a very useful product in missiles, nuclear weapons, aircraft parts, and ceramics. Source:
toxictorts.com

Beryllium, atomic number 4, is a brittle, steel-gray metal found as a component of coal, oil, certain rock minerals, volcanic dust, and soil. Elemental beryllium is the second lightest of all metals and is used in a wide variety of applications. In its elemental form beryllium exhibits the unique properties of being light weight and extremely stiff, giving the metal several applications in the aerospace, nuclear, and manufacturing industries. In addition, beryllium is amazingly versatile as a metal alloy where it is used in dental appliances, golf clubs, non-sparking tools, wheel chairs, and electronic devices.

Beryllium is a hard gray metal that is extracted from the earth, refined and reduced to a very fine powder. It occurs as a chemical component of certain rocks (bertrandite and beryl), coal and oil, soil, and volcanic dust. Beryllium’s light weight, high tensile strength and ability to slow neutrons have made it useful for many purposes in many industries.

Beryllium is a brittle, steel gray metal found as a component of coal, oil, certain rock minerals, volcanic dust and soil. Elemental beryllium is used in a wide variety of applications. Exposure to beryllium most often occurs in mining, extraction, and in the processing of alloy metals containing beryllium. The metal is used in the aerospace, nuclear and manufacturing industries. Source:
dms-lawyer.com

Beryllium is a naturally occurring metal found in beryl and bertrandite rock, certain types of coal, soil and volcanic dust. Beryllium was discovered in 1797 by Vauquelin in Paris. Pure beryllium is a hard grayish metal. Very pure gem quality beryl is better known as either aquamarine (blue or blue-green) or emerald (green). Source:
healthdangers.com

Beryllium is a very light, very strong metal with several attributes that make it attractive for several scientific applications. In its solid metallic state, beryllium poses no health hazard. But workers exposed to beryllium dust or fumes may develop CBD. Argonne and Fermilab no longer machine beryllium -- the remaining beryllium on site at both locations is primarily used to reflect and guide high-energy particles, and is in the solid, metallic, non-hazardous form

Beryllium is found in some 30 mineral species, the most important of which are bertrandite, beryl, chrysoberyl, and phenacite. Aquamarine and emerald are precious forms of beryl. Beryl and bertrandite are the most important commercial sources of the element and its compounds. Most of the metal is now prepared by reducing beryllium fluoride with magnesium metal. Beryllium metal did not become readily available to industry until 1957.

Beryllium is found in a variety of workplaces. Occupations which are at risk for beryllium disease include beryllium metal and alloy workers, scrap metal reclaiming, electronic industries (transistors, heat sinks, X-ray window), ceramic manufacturing, space and atomic engineering (rocket fuels, heat shields, weapons), laboratory workers, dental technicians, and ore extraction. Any process or work place where beryllium can become air borne, in the form of small particles or fume, presents a serious health hazard for workers.

Beryllium and its salts are toxic and should be handled with the greatest of care. Beryllium and its compounds should not be tasted to verify the sweetish nature of beryllium (as did early experimenters). The metal, its alloys, and its salts can be handled if certain work codes are observed, but no attempt should be made to work with beryllium before becoming familiar with proper safeguards.

Beryllium is a metal that is naturally found in mineral rocks, coal, soil, and volcanic dust. Beryllium one-third the weight of aluminum yet six times stiffer than steel. These properties make Beryllium an extremely viable material to build specialized equipment.

Beryllium is a metal which is commonly used in various industries throughout the United States. In fact, close to a million workers are exposed to or handle Beryllium every year in the U.S. Employees who work with electronics, ceramics, dental materials, or other product which contains metals may be at risk for serious medical problems, some of which can be fatal. If a person is exposed to the substance, they may suffer from Beryllium disease, which is ... known as Berylliosis.

Beryllium enters the air, water and soil as a result of natural processes and human activities. It occurs naturally in the environment in small amounts. Humans add beryllium through production of metal and combustion of coal and oil.

Beryllium is a light but strong metal that finds applications in many industries, such as aerospace and defense, including nuclear weapons production. In its solid state, it is not harmful, but workers exposed to beryllium dust or fumes during machining and manufacturing operations may develop a sensitivity to it.

Beryllium is a naturally occurring metal wich is found in beryl and bertrandite rock. It is extremely lightweight and hard, is a good thermal conductor and is non-magnetic. These properties make beryllium suitable for many industries that include:

Beryllium is a metal found in natural deposits as ores containing other elements, and in some precious stones such as emeralds and aquamarine. The greatest use of beryllium is in making metal alloys for nuclear reactors and the aerospace industry.

Beryllium metal and metal alloys may be found in consumer products such as televisions, calculators, computers, special nonsparking tools and sports equipment. It ... can be part of dental alloys and dental bridges.

Beryllium is a toxic bivalent element, steel gray, strong, light-weight, primarily used as hardening agent in alloys. Beryllium has one of the highest melting points of the light metals. It has excellent thermal conductivity, is nonmagnetic, it resists attack by concentrated nitric acid and at standard temperature and pressures beryllium resist oxidation when exposts to air.

Beryllium can be milled into light machine components. This is a beryllium rotor for a guided missile. While machining this metal, one must be protected from beryllium dust, which is very poisonous.

Beryllium is the first, the lightest and the least reactive of the alkaline earth metals. Beryllium is rather toxic... and thus finds use in the most demanding space based applications, such as mirror housings and frames, where its light weight and high strength make it useful, despite its high cost and toxicity.

The general population is not normally exposed to Beryllium. For the most part, Beryllium exposure tends to occur in people that live near or work in an industry where Beryllium is mined, processed, machined, or converted into metal, alloys, and/or other chemicals.

93Ali-5

Beryllium

The Simplex mission has failed. but there's always next year!

B

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L

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Berrylium

Berrylium Berrylium

Berrylium Berrylium Berrylium

Berrylium Berrylium Berrylium Berrylium

Berrylium Berrylium Berrylium Berrylium Berrylium

Berrylium Berrylium Berrylium Berrylium Berrylium Berrylium

Berrylium is cool

But Berrylium is also making me bored

http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/38116

Lasers Take a Measure of Halo Nucleus

http://images.iop.org/objects/physic...3/3/4/halo.jpg

Physicists in Europe and North America have measured the radius of an unusual beryllium isotope containing a single neutron a long way from the rest of the nuclear core. Although the radii of other such "halo" isotopes have been determined before, this is the first time that the measurement has been made on a nucleus with just a single halo neutron. The researchers found that the halo neutron in beryllium–11 is, on average, about 7 fm (7 x 10-15 m ) from the nuclear core, which itself has a radius of about 2.5 fm.

First discovered in 1985, halo nuclei have a conventional nuclear core plus one or more halo neutrons that spend much of their time a relatively long distance away. The lithium–11 halo nucleus, for example, has about the same diameter as the much more massive uranium nucleus. The reason such nuclei are so large is that the energy that binds halo neutrons to the core is only 100 keV — roughly a tenth of the energy tying neutrons in a conventional nucleus.

But measuring the size of halo nuclei has proven tricky because the nuclei are very short lived — and because they have no electrical charge, the halo neutrons do not interact readily with experimental probes.
Blur of positive charge

The best measurements have involved studying the tiny "volume" shift — of about one part in a billion — of the energy levels of the electrons that are bound to a halo nucleus in an atom or ion. This shift occurs because the halo neutron and the core orbit each other and their relative motion makes the core appear as a blur of positive charge to the electrons. This, for example, means that the electron energy levels of a beryllium atom containing the halo nucleus beryllium–11 are shifted slightly compared to atoms containing the more conventional nuclei beryllium–7, beryllium–9 or beryllium–10.

The volume shift can then be used to calculate the radius of the blur of positive charge, which can then be used to calculate the average separation between the halo and core.

While physicists have already managed to measure this shift in helium and lithium halo isotopes, experiments on beryllium–11 nuclei are further complicated because beryllium has four electrons.

It turns out that electron energy levels are also affected by “mass shifts” that are caused, in part, by interactions between the nucleus and the correlated motion of the electrons. These mass shifts are about 1000 times larger than the volume shift and become increasingly difficult to calculate as the number of electrons increases. The problem is simplified somewhat by studying Be+ ions, which only has three electrons.
Measurements and calculations

The new study was carried out at the ISOLDE facility at CERN by Wilfried Nörtershäuser at the University of Mainz and colleagues in Germany, Canada and Switzerland (Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 062503).

The experiment involved producing four different isotopes of beryllium (with 7, 9 10 and 11 nucleons) by firing a 1.4 GeV proton beam into a uranium-carbide target. This created beryllium atoms, which were then ionized using a laser and accelerated to 50 kV. Transitions in electron energy levels were induced by firing two ultraviolet laser beams at the ions. One beam was fired straight at the oncoming ions, while the other was fired in the opposite direction from behind the ions to cancel out the experimental uncertainty in the kinetic energy of the ions.

Some of the laser light is absorbed by the beryllium's electrons, which jump to a higher energy level. As the electrons fall back down, they emit light at the same wavelength as the laser through the process of "resonance fluorescence". However, the wavelength of the light absorbed and then emitted by the halo isotope beryllium–11 differs very slightly from the light emitted from conventional beryllium isotopes — the difference being due to the isotope shift, which is the sum of the mass and volume shifts.

The team determined this tiny shift by using a device called a frequency comb, which is capable of making a very accurate measurement of the laser’s wavelength. By comparing the resonant wavelengths of beryllium–11 with the other beryllium isotopes — and then correcting for the mass shift — the team worked out the volume shift. This allowed them to conclude that the halo neutron is about 7 fm from the nuclear core. The core itself has a radius of about 2.5 fm.
Improving mathematical models

“The halo neutron is thus much farther from the other nucleons than would be permissible according to the effective range of strong nuclear forces in the classical model”, explained Nörtershäuser. “The result can now be used by nuclear physicists to improve their mathematical models of nuclei”, he said

Jim Al-Khalili at the University of Surrey in the UK told physicsworld.com, “These measurements tell us quite clearly that the core of the halo nucleus beryllium–11 (namely, beryllium–10) is more tightly packed together than a much lighter nucleus like beryllium–7.” He added. “We learn a lot about the core within the halo with this work, and indirectly we can test our theoretical models of how the halo particles interact with the core”.

About the author
Hamish Johnston is editor of physicsworld.com

http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking...ry_349372.html

March 12, 2009
'Peking Man' could be older

HONG KONG - A NEW and more accurate dating method shows Peking Man may be 200,000 years older than what experts previously thought, researchers in China said.

The bones of 'Sinanthropus pekinensis", a Homo erectus commonly known as Peking Man, were discovered in the 1920s during cave excavations in Zhoukoudian, near Beijing and believed to be 750,000 years old.

The new date may help experts understand when migration into Asia took place, the researchers led by Guanjun Shen of China's Nanjing Normal University wrote in an article in Nature.

Scientists have used various techniques to try and date the fossils, but a lack of suitable methods for cave deposits has limited their accuracy.

Shen and his colleagues used a relatively new method that examines the radioactive decay of aluminium and beryllium in quartz grains, which enabled them to get a more precise age for the fossils.

'The analysis dated the finds to around 750,000 years old, some 200,000 years older than previous estimates and indicates a hominin presence in the area through glacial and interglacial cycles.

'The results should help to build a more reliable chronology of human evolution in East Asia,' the researchers wrote.

The cave site in Zhoukoudian has yielded the remains of at least 40 individuals and is the largest single source of Homo erectus fossils in the world. -- Reuters

http://www.straitstimes.com/STI/STIM...312/peking.jpg
The reconstructed face of Peking Man, is on display at the museum near the historic Zhoukoudian caves. -- PHOTO: ZHOUKOUDIAN DISTRICT GOVT PUBLI

http://www.stuff.co.nz/opinion/colum...and-crook-kids

Crops, crystals and crook kids
WORLD OF SCIENCE - BOB BROCKIE - The Dominion Post

Last month's scientific journals are full of interesting stuff you may not have heard about:

More GM Crops: Despite claims to the contrary, more and more genetically modified crops are being planted globally every year. Last year planting grew by more than 9 per cent to 125 million hectares. The United States, with 62 million hectares planted, contributed half of the total, but 14 other countries grew GM crops. Egypt, Burkina Faso and Bolivia planted GM crops (cotton and soya beans) for the first time.

A few benighted countries such as Hungary, Greece, Austria and New Zealand, in thrall to Greenie scaremongers, still oppose GM crops of any kind, but public opposition to them is falling. In Europe, opposition has slipped from 70 per cent to 58 per cent.

Chinese crystals: A laboratory in Beijing is the world's only source of a fabulously valuable crystal called potassium beryllium fluoroborate. A host of scientists outside China desperately wants these crystals for advanced research into lasers, computer chips and superconductors, but the Chinese say no. They need them for their own research.

A Dr Chen leads a team of Chinese scientists who grow these crystals in large ovens. It takes US$20,000 (NZ$39,900) and three months to make one. Last year they made 15 but this year they hope to grow 50.

The Chinese Government exploits its monopoly on these crystals for all the academic and commercial advantage it can get, and has given the lab US$26 million to speed up its production.

China has a great depth of crystal-growing know-how based on decades of tedious, large-scale, labour- intensive trial and error research.

We've nothing like this in the West, where research on growing crystals has fallen out of fashion. Apart from that, the crystals contain beryllium, which, if inhaled can cause pneumonia and cancer, so has been banned from many American labs. It would take Western scientists a decade to catch up.

Better scans: Swiss scientists have come up with a vastly improved medical scanning machine.

Their new MRI scanner is much more sensitive than earlier models, is cheaper to build, gives clearer images, and makes scanning more comfortable for patients because it's far less claustrophobic to lie down in.

The Swiss had a radical rethink, replacing the innumerable crowded, expensive electrical coils inside the old machines with a remote antenna outside their new "travelling wave" contraption.

Sabotaged immune systems: Seems that our immune systems can be compromised for life during our childhood years.

Scientists studying physically abused American kids and babies who were brought up in grim Romanian and Russian orphanages found their immune systems remain weakened for life.

Long after these children have been adopted into benevolent foster-family homes, their immune systems remain poor, and as adults they are more susceptible to infections such as herpes (cold sores). The researchers affirm the view that children need solicitous parenting to ensure not only their emotional and mental well-being but also to tune up their immune systems.

Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium Beryllium

Beryllium is yummy

Ya ****in beryllium freak.

Screw Beryllium... It frightens me.

Beryllium Pie
Beryllium Stew
Beryllium Sandwich
Beryllium Pizza
Beryllium crusted flank steak
Beryllium Applesauce
Beryllium canned peaches
Beryllium Stew
Beryllium **** I already did that one
Beryllium Sandwich
Beryllium Hamburger
Beryllium Hot Dog
Beryllium Chili-Mac
Beryllium fused barbecue sauce slathered on Beryllium roasted burnt-ends
Beryllium dip mix
Beryllium pickled eggs

Isn't that what kills the zombies in the the new Metallica video?

isn't that barium?

.

So I just spent the last 5 hours reading this thing. Awesome stuff! Why did you guys stop? Beryllium is freaking cool!

Beryllium is only fun for so long.

Incorrect

Beryllium

oh shoot where is the craps table for my flat oos im crying

Buckin Kaeding!

would you kiss beryllium?

Tom Cash

Lick my beryllium balls.

This

YOU WILL BOW TO NATE KAEDING.

WE ALL WILL

I refuse to bow to Kaeding.....*bows*

Im just getting started, I finally caved to joining a Chiefs page, I think my soul died a little

Thats right bitch. Bow.

are you drunk? because you should be....

Zombies.

Au contraire.

It's the number one google hit for beryllium thread.

Name: Beryllium

Symbol: Be