* use vacuum systems in machining operations;

* use pellets instead of powders wherever possible;

* use product substitution where possible;

* minimize the number of workers who have access to areas where there is a potential for beryllium exposure;

* monitor employee exposures to airborne beryllium dust and fume, using personal sampling techniques, on a regular basis to ensure that exposures are below the PELs and that proper respiratory protection is being used where necessary.

2. Work Practices to reduce beryllium exposure

Employers should ensure that employees use the following safe practices to reduce their exposure to beryllium:

* use high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) vacuums to clean equipment and the floor around their work areas;

* do not leave a film of dust on the floor after the water dries if a wet mop is used to clean;

* do not use long vacuum hoses and do not loop the hoses that are used;

* do not disconnect or disable the vacuum system during any machining operation;

* never use compressed air to clean parts or working surfaces;

* avoid prolonged skin contact with beryllium particulate; and

* do not allow workers to eat, drink, smoke, or apply cosmetics at their work stations.

3. Hygiene and Personal Protective Clothing