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#6871 |
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Early analyses of emeralds and beryls always yielded similar elements, leading to the fallacious conclusion that both substances are aluminium silicates.
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#6872 |
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René Just Haüy discovered that both crystals show strong similarities, and he asked the chemist Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin for a chemical analysis.
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#6873 |
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Vauquelin was able to separate the aluminium from the beryllium by dissolving the aluminium hydroxide in an additional alkali.
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#6874 |
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[23] Vauquelin named the new element "glucinum" for the sweet taste of some of its compounds.
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#6875 |
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.[24]
Friedrich Wöhler[25] and Antoine Bussy[26] independently isolated beryllium in 1828 by the chemical reaction of metallic potassium with beryllium chloride, as follows: |
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#6876 |
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BeCl2 + 2 K → 2 KCl + Be
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#6877 |
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The potassium itself had been produced by the electrolysis of its compounds, a newly-discovered process.
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#6878 |
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This chemical method yielded for them only small grains of beryllium from which no ingot of metal could be cast or hammered.
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#6879 |
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The direct electrolysis of a molten mixture of beryllium fluoride and sodium fluoride by Paul Lebeau in 1898 yielded the first significant pure samples of beryllium.
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#6880 |
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[24] It took until World War I (1914–18) before significant amounts of beryllium were produced, but its large-scale production was not started until early 1930s.
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#6881 |
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The rising demand for hard beryllium-copper alloys and fluorescent material for fluorescent lights during World War II caused the production of beryllium to soar.
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#6882 |
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In the first years most fluorescent lights used zinc orthosilicate with varying content of beryllium as greenish phosphor.
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#6883 |
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Small additions of magnesium tungstate improved the blue part of the spectrum yielding acceptable white.
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#6884 |
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After it was discovered that beryllium was toxic halophosphate based phosphors took over.
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#6885 |
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[27]
[edit]Etymology |
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