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June 10.
1190. Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, better known as Barbarossa ("red beard"), drowns in the river Saleph while attempting to lead an army to Jerusalem during the Third Crusade. Operation Barbarossa, the Nazi invasion of the USSR, was named after this charismatic German leader.
1692. Bridget Bishop is hanged at Gallows Hill near Salem, Massachusetts for "certaine Detestable Arts called Witchcraft & Sorceries", the first of the eventual 19 people hanged. Another person, a man, who refused to enter a plea was crushed to death by stone in an effort to get him to do so.
1898. Marines land on the island of Cuba during the Spanish-American War.
1935. Dr. Robert Smith takes his last drink, and founds Alcoholics Anonymous.
1940. Norway surrenders to the Nazis, a serious blow and surprising reversal for the British.
1944. Cincinnati Red Joe Nuxhall becomes the youngest person to ever appear in a major league baseball game. He is a spry 15 years of age.
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